By combining AI for unstructured and structured data assets, we are helping organizations unlock the full potential of their data, drive innovation, improve decision-making, and create more personalized and efficient user experiences beyond traditional Generative AI (GenAI). This transformative concept aims to leverage the strengths of both types of data to create a more comprehensive and intelligent data ecosystem.

But how do you do that? How do we bring the two data worlds together? SQL RAG! This blog delves into the concept, benefits, and approach to SQL RAG, focusing on its architecture, the role of metadata feeding vector stores, and the utilization of domain-based agents.

Concept of SQL RAG

SQL RAG, or AI SQL Generation, leverages advanced AI models to automate the generation of SQL queries. This approach aims to streamline data retrieval processes, enhance efficiency, and reduce the dependency on manual query writing. By integrating AI capabilities, SQL RAG can dynamically generate optimized and accurate SQL queries based on the context and requirements of the data request at scale.

Benefits of SQL RAG

1. Efficiency and Speed: Automating SQL query generation significantly reduces the time required to retrieve data, enabling faster decision-making and analysis. Ask a normal business question = get answer without writing SQL!
2. Accuracy and Optimization: AI-driven SQL generation ensures that queries are optimized for performance, reducing the likelihood of errors and improving data retrieval efficiency.
3. Scalability: SQL RAG can handle complex and large-scale data environments, making it suitable for enterprises with extensive data needs.
4. Reduced Dependency on Expertise: By automating query generation, organizations can reduce their reliance on SQL experts, allowing data analysts and other stakeholders to focus on higher-value tasks.
5. Modernize Information Consumption: Get away from traditional reporting dashboards. Use natural language to consume analytics into your business process. Augment with reports as needed.

A Practical Implementation

In the context of a recent project, the implementation of this solution vision involved several key concepts:

1. Unified Platform: We integrated two Spyglass technical accelerators, Fabric LOOM and AI GENIE, to create a unified data and AI framework using Microsoft Fabric and AI Azure AI services.
2. Data Integration: Integrating various data sources, including structured and unstructured data, into a unified data environment through a single framework we call Spyglass Fabric LOOM.
3. Domain AI Agents: Specialized AI models grounded on a comprehensive dataset to ensure accurate and efficient data processing, analysis, content and SQL generation leveraging our AI GENIE framework.
4. Metadata Management: Establishing a robust metadata repository with Microsoft Purview to provide stewarded and governance information context and improve data retrieval and analysis.
5. Continuous Improvement: Continuously providing a feedback loop to the system to enhance its capabilities and address emerging challenges as usage increases.
6. SQL RAG: The concept of SQL RAG is emerging as a transformative approach to leverage RAG on structured data assets.

Resources: 

Data and AI | Fabric LOOM

Data and AI | AI GENIE Accelerator 

Approach

Combining AI for unstructured and structured data assets drives the need of a unified platform that can seamlessly integrate, process, and analyze diverse data types. Ensuring your AI and Data Processing platform are unified ensures and improves data accessibility, decision-making, and drives innovation faster.

1. Unified Data Platform: Establishing a single platform that can handle both structured and unstructured data, ensuring seamless integration and management.
2. AI-Driven Insights: Leveraging AI to generate insights from both structured and unstructured data, through traditional RAG on unstructured data and SQL on structured data.
3. Enhanced Data Governance: Implementing robust data governance frameworks to ensure data quality, security, and compliance across all data types. Implementing an integrated technology such as Microsoft Purview also provides context and grounding for AI.
4. Scalable and Flexible Architecture: Building a scalable data ingestion architecture that can handle large volumes of multi-modal data that can support various AI and machine learning workloads. Combined with an Agentic front-end architecture enables a wide range of application scenarios.

SQL RAG Architecture

The diagram below provides an overview of our Structured SQL RAG Agent Architecture.

1. Architecture: The architecture of SQL RAG is designed to integrate seamlessly with the existing data infrastructure. It typically includes an AI model grounded on a corpus of domain knowledge and SQL dialects, a metadata driven data integration framework, and a vector store for efficient SQL context driven by a validate source of truthful queries.
2. Metadata Feeding Vector Stores: Metadata plays a crucial role in SQL RAG. By feeding metadata into vector stores, the AI language model can understand the structure, relationships, and context of the data. This enables the generation of accurate and contextually relevant SQL queries. The vector store acts as a repository that indexes and retrieves metadata efficiently, ensuring that the AI model has access to the necessary information for query generation.
3. Domain-Based Agents: Domain-based agents are specialized AI agents prompted and grounded on specific data domains or data products. These agents leverage domain knowledge to generate SQL queries that are tailored to the unique requirements of the domain. For example, a physician’s healthcare domain-based agent would generate SQL queries optimized for healthcare data from a physician’s perspective, considering the specific terminology of that role, data structures, and regulatory requirements of the industry.

Comparing SQL RAG to Traditional SQL Query Methods

SQL RAG and traditional SQL query methods serve the same fundamental purpose of retrieving data from databases, but they differ significantly in their approach, efficiency, and capabilities.

Traditional SQL Query Methods

Traditional SQL query methods involve manually writing SQL statements to interact with databases. This approach requires a deep understanding of SQL syntax, database schema, and the relationships between different data entities.

1. Manual Effort: Writing SQL queries manually can be time-consuming and requires significant expertise.
2. Static Queries: Traditional SQL queries are static and need to be rewritten or modified for different data retrieval needs.
3. Error-Prone: Manual query writing is prone to human errors, which can lead to incorrect data retrieval or performance issues.
4. Limited Scalability: As the complexity of data and queries increases, managing and optimizing and evangelizing SQL queries manually becomes challenging.

SQL RAG (AI SQL Generation)

SQL RAG leverages AI to automate the generation of SQL queries, offering several advantages over traditional methods:

1. Automation: SQL RAG automates the process of writing SQL queries, reducing the need for manual intervention and expertise.
2. Dynamic Query Generation: AI-driven SQL generation can dynamically create optimized queries based on the context and requirements of the data request.
3. Efficiency: By automating query generation, SQL RAG significantly reduces the time required to retrieve data, enabling faster decision-making and analysis.
4. Grounded Accuracy: The SQL agents are grounded to your domain and data structures, providing improved data retrieval and reducing data delivery discrepancies. Accuracy is improved as the data coming in is well curated and structured to suit the AI consumer.
5. Optimization: AI models can generate optimized SQL queries to the platform, improving performance and reducing the likelihood of errors. Note: This doesn’t remove the need for good structural design and data management.
6. Scalability: SQL RAG can handle complex and large-scale data environments, making it suitable for enterprises with extensive data needs and evangelizing data consumption for less technical consumers.

Challenges of Implementing SQL RAG

Domain Knowledge & Grounding

Establishing a robust domain knowledge repository is crucial for the AI model to understand the data context. We can “build your own repository” or leverage Microsoft Purview Unified Catalog, which captures metadata like lineage, definitions, and structures. Likewise, we enrich this data directly in Purview with domain descriptions, business definitions and data product context. This metadata is then fed into the AI SQL RAG engine to enhance SQL generation as it relates to the specific enterprise.

Context Collection and Integration

Interoperability Across Diverse Sources: Normalizing and integrating information seamlessly across varied sources can be complex. Fabric supports hundreds of connectors out of the box, making the ingestion of new systems seamless but the application of quality data preparation and data modeling tailored for AI does not go without care here. Good data modeling and data quality practices make for a better AI experience.

Vector Database Integration: Integrating vector databases with existing SQL databases includes addressing issues related to SQL generation ensuring efficient data context retrieval. We select the best-performing vector technology for specific use cases, such as Azure SQL Database for structured assets.

Conclusion

SQL RAG represents a major advancement in AI-driven data access, automating SQL query generation for better efficiency, accuracy, and scalability. By integrating domain knowledge through Microsoft Purview and using domain-based AI SQL agents, SQL RAG enhances data retrieval and management for applications and data consumers.

We have seen significant improvements in data retrieval processes using SQL RAG. Traditional query methods rely on manual effort, but SQL RAG automates the process, offering dynamic and optimized query generation.

Implementing SQL RAG involves managing data extraction, context collection, performance optimization, and system integration challenges. However, the benefits of enhanced data retrieval and management make it worthwhile. Combining structured and unstructured data with AI creates truly intelligent solutions and the next gen analytical experience.

As a Microsoft Partner with 10 Advanced Specializations and a Featured Fabric Partner, Spyglass MTG can assist with any aspects of Fabric or AI, as well as other Microsoft technologies including Azure, Power Platform, and M365.

We are here to help, and if you have any questions, please contact me at wrichard@spyglassmtg.com.